Scene-Based-Reflection (SBR1)

 Scenario 1 

Abdullah seorang guru, berumur 37 tahun mempunyai berat badan 80kg berketinggian 1.6meter. Beliau gemar meminum kopi dan seorang perokok tegar disebabkan oleh kesibukan tugas kerja. Walaubagaimanapun, beliau kerap bersukan dan juga pergi ke Gimnasium pada hujung minggu.

Pada suatu hari beliau mengadu sakit dibahagian dada. Kesakitan ini bertambah kuat apabila beliau mendaki tangga sekolah dan berhenti apabila beliau rehat. Beliau juga mengadu sakit kepala yang kuat.

Abdullah kemudiannya ke klinik dan pemeriksaannya mendapati nadi beliau 62 bpm dan bacaan tekanan darah beliau adalah 135 mmHg/90 mmHg. Ujian EKG mendapati pola normal. Sampel darah dan air kencing beliau telah diambil untuk ujian makmal. Manakala beliau diarahkan menjalani ujian pemantauan Holter. 

Facts	Explanation
80 kg & 1.6meter	BMI over the normal limit (Obesity) Excess fat in the body has the potential to cause heart disease
Coffee addict	High doses of caffeine increase the level of epinephrine in the blood. Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline. In its pure form, epinephrine can increase blood pressure, increase contraction or heart force, and indirectly increase heart rate.
Heavy smoker	Research has shown that smoking increases heart rate, narrows major arterial passages, and can cause irregular heartbeats.  Smoking also increases blood pressure, which increases the risk of stroke. Smoking increases the formation of plaque in the blood vessels. Coronary Heart Disease occurs when the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle are narrowed by plaque or blocked by blood clots. The chemicals in cigarette smoke cause the blood to thicken and form clots in the veins and arteries.
Headache	One of the symptoms of hypertension.  The headache pulsates and is aggravated by physical exertion. Because high blood pressure impacts the blood-brain barrier, it can produce headaches. High pressure on the brains from hypertension can trigger blood to leak from the blood vessels in this region.
Blood pressure  135 mmHg/90 mmHg	Normal blood pressure readings for all ages are less than 120 for systolic pressure and less than 80 for diastolic pressure (<120/80 mmHg)  If the blood pressure is more than 130 for systolic pressure and more than 90 for diastolic pressure (> 130/90mmHg), this indicates that Abdullah has hypertension.  Abdullah's blood pressure is categorized as level 1 hypertension, which the blood pressure reading is from 130 to 139 (systolic) more than 80 to 89 (diastolic). Can be caused by poor diet or stress, considered moderate to maximum high blood pressure. If left untreated, stage 1 hypertension will increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious health problems.  It can also progress to stage 2 hypertension - more severe high blood pressure.
Blood & Urine Test	One of the diagnosis of hypertension or blood pressure  Blood test  To test the concentration of potassium, sodium, creatinine, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.  Urine test (urinalysis) To analyse urine for indicators that indicate another medical problem is causing your high blood pressure.
Holter Test	Type of portable electrocardiogram (ECG). While you are gone from the doctor's office, it constantly records the electrical activity of your heart for up to 24 hours.  A typical ECG, sometimes known as a "resting" ECG, is one of the most basic and quick diagnostics for evaluating the heart. Electrodes (small, skin-sticking plastic patches) are applied to specific areas of the chest and belly. Wires link the electrodes to the ECG equipment. An ECG measures the intensity and timing of these electrical impulses to determine how rapidly the heart is beating, the pattern of the heart beats (stable or abnormal), and the strength and timing of the electrical impulses. Changes in an ECG can indicate a variety of cardiac diseases.